Low hormone levels in pregnancy linked to hard birth

  • August 14, 2010 7:13 pm

Expectant mums who are low in a hormone made by the thyroid gland in the neck are more likely to struggle in labour, findings suggest. Too little of the hormone thyroxine is already known to complicate pregnancy, increasing the risk of miscarriage, premature birth and pre-eclampsia.

Now a Dutch team has found even “low to normal” levels of thyroxine may cause problems, Clinical Endocrinology says. Babies were more often positioned wrongly, making labour more difficult. Although still head down, the babies tended to face the wrong way – towards their mother’s back rather than stomach.

Not only are these labours generally longer and harder, they are also more likely to end in an assisted delivery with forceps, ventouse or a Caesarean. It does highlight the importance of checking thyroid hormone levels in pregnancy.

The researchers from the University of Tilburg believe the hormone problem is so common – affecting about one in 10 pregnancies – a blood test for it should become a routine part of the antenatal check. In their study of nearly 1,000 apparently healthy mums-to-be, lower levels of thyroxine at 36 weeks of pregnancy was strongly linked to abnormal positioning of the baby’s head and risk of assisted delivery.

Professor Victor Pop and his team believe the relative lack of hormone might stop the unborn child moving as well as it should. This means that instead of getting into the optimal position for labour, the baby is stuck in a more awkward one.

The thyroid gland in the neck makes hormones that regulate metabolism. Too much of these hormones speeds up metabolism causing symptoms like weight loss and anxiety. Too few of the hormones slows metabolism causing problems like fatigue and weight gain. Medication can correct the imbalance

Professor Pop said: “Recent findings have shown that motor development in children at the age of two is related to low levels of thyroid hormone in pregnancy.
“It follows that impaired maternal thyroid function could also influence foetal movement.” The baby is unable to make its own thyroid hormones until 20 weeks into the pregnancy. Before this, it is entirely reliant on its mother’s stores, he said.

Professor Pop said more work was needed to explain the link found and to see if giving pregnant women extra thyroxine, even if they do not have full-blown thyroid disease, would be beneficial. Professor John Lazarus, an expert in endocrinology at Cardiff University School of Medicine, said the link found was not necessarily causal. “However it does highlight the importance of checking thyroid hormone levels in pregnancy.”

Child fitness levels ‘declining even in affluent areas’

  • August 14, 2010 6:56 pm

Sedentary lifestyles are making children less fit – even among those who are not obese, a study suggests. Essex University staged fitness tests on 600 10-year-olds a decade apart in an area with low levels of obesity.

They found significant falls in fitness levels, concluding the average 10-year-old in 1998 could beat 95% of youngsters in 2008 in running tests. The researchers said the focus on obesity was obscuring the health risks of wider declines in fitness levels. Children are routinely weighed and measured in schools in England as part of the government’s drive to tackle rising obesity rates, but there is no equivalent for fitness.

The measurement of obesity alone may not be sufficient to keep an eye on children’s future health. The Essex team of sports experts chose to focus on Chelmsford, an affluent town with traditionally low levels of obesity, to illustrate how being a normal weight did not necessarily equate to having good fitness. In 1998, they carried out 20m shuttle run tests – commonly known as the bleep test – on 303 children from six schools. In 2008, the tests were repeated on a similar number of 10-year-olds, the Archives of Disease in Childhood reported.

While obesity levels had hardly changed, there was a significant shift in fitness which was “large and worrying”. Researchers said similar if not worse findings would be expected in areas with high levels of obesity.

Lead researcher Dr Gavin Sandercock said: “The measurement of obesity alone may not be sufficient to keep an eye on children’s future health. We need some form of monitoring of fitness. “We have a generation of children who are spending more and more time in front of a screen, whether it is a TV or a computer.

“Schools are now trying to do more, but it is the lack of unstructured activity outside that is the problem.” Professor Alan Maryon-Davis, president of the Faculty of Public Health, said: “We have been concerned about the sedentary lifestyles of children for some time.The focus on obesity is right at the moment because it is more directly linked to chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.”

A Department of Health spokesman said promoting physical activity remained a “top priority” and a key part of the obesity drive. She added Change4Life, the government’s campaign to promote healthy lifestyles, had “kick-started a lifestyle” revolution since it was launched in January.

Misleading food labels

  • August 13, 2010 1:24 pm

Nine out of 10 mothers questioned in a British Heart Foundation (BHF) survey misunderstood the nutrition information on children’s foods. The study found that mothers believe claims such as “a source of calcium, iron and six vitamins” mean a product is likely to be healthy.

It is thought that a “mish mash” of different food labelling styles is fuelling confusion among shoppers, it added. However, manufacturers insisted their nutritional labelling was clear. The research was carried out on 1454 parents aged between 16-64 years old with kids aged 15 or under through an online survey. It found that 76% of mothers questioned believed that “wholegrain” means the product is likely to be healthy.

However, the BHF said that – for example – Nestle’s Honey Shreddies, which claim to be wholegrain and to “keep your heart healthy and maintain a healthy body”, contain more sugar [13.6g] than a ring doughnut [9.2g] in an average serving. Kellogg’s Coco Pops cereal and milk bars are labelled as “a source of calcium, iron and six vitamins” and 63% of mothers in the survey thought they were healthy. The BHF said that for every 100g they were higher in saturated fat and sugar than the average chocolate cake.

The Natural Confectionery Company Jelly Snakes which are made by Cadbury’s contain more calories gram for gram than black treacle, the BHF said. Almost three in five respondents believed that the phrase “no artificial flavourings, no artificial colourings” indicated a healthy treat. The questionnaire found that 84% of them wanted a single, front-of-pack food labelling scheme.

Peter Hollins, BHF chief executive, said: “Mums are having the wool pulled over their eyes by food manufacturers. “Smoke and mirror tactics means that foods targeted at children and high in fat, salt and sugar are being disguised with partial health claims suggesting they are a healthy choice. “Regularly eating these types of foods could have serious implications for kids’ future health.” A single unified labelling system for food is needed because it the “mish mash” of the different systems serves only to confuse shoppers, he added. “It’s time for food companies to stop making excuses, support one system and ensure shoppers are given ‘at a glance’ information about the foods they’re giving their kids.”

A spokesman for the Natural Confectionery Company said: “All we claim is that the sweets contain no artificial colours and flavours – which is true – so we’re not sure why this should confuse anybody. “All nutritional information is clearly labelled on the bag.”
And a spokesman for Kellogg’s responded: “A Kellogg’s Coco Pops Cereal and Milk bar actually contains less than two teaspoons of sugar per bar and has half the calories (84) and far less fat than a chocolate bar. “Parents understand this because we give them the information they need, through our front-of-pack labelling, to make similar comparisons.”

Julian Hunt, of the Food and Drink Federation, has complained that the BHF did not share its research with them: “The truth is that the food industry takes its responsibilities seriously. That’s why our members are leading the world when it comes to ensuring that food recipes meet the demands of mums and their families – whether that’s through the use of natural ingredients; reducing the amount of salt, fat or sugar used; or fortifying products with nutritionally-vital vitamins, minerals and micro-nutrients. The nutrition claims identified by BHF are not ‘partial health claims’ – they are approved under the EU Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation, which is setting a strict legal framework for all claims on food packs. “To claim otherwise is being completely disingenuous – or shows that the BHF is deliberately trying to mislead both mums and journalists at what is a very busy time for all of us.”

Free activities for children in your area

  • July 31, 2010 12:50 pm

Everyone struggles to find things to keep the kids entertained through the school holidays, did you know that there are activities organised in your local area? You can get details about these events from:

  • Your local children’s centre
  • The Library
  • Your Health Visitor

These sessions are suitable for children up to the age of 11 but there are activities arranged at the leisure centre whilst these may not be free but these are suitable for children aged 5+.

The activities include things like vegetable printing, smoothie making, drama and stories. At the stay and play sessions in my local area the session lasts for 1hr30 and during that time the children had access to painting and smoothie making as well as a wide range of toys. Towards the end of the session the children were able to taste the smoothies they had made and then they had a story in which the children were able to participate.

These are definately worth checking out if you are struggling to entertain your little monkeys.

Building a Trampoline

  • June 1, 2010 9:17 pm

I love a bargain when it comes to buying things for the kids as they seem to be rather expensive so when I found a trampoline in the Early Learning Centre for £40 with a sale on (15%off) I decided to check it out. So I went into the store to enquire about the trampoline. The guy in store said that there was only the display one left so he reduced it to £20 and then called another of his colleagues to fetch the box. His colleague returns and says that he can’t find the box. So the guy who was serving me apologised for this and then reduced the already half price trampoline by another £10 so I get a £40 trampoline for an amazing £10.

Granted it was a little tricky trying to work out how to assemble the base with no instructions but I managed it. So if you want a bargain purchase the display model, it may have a few imperfections but it will be reduced in most cases.

Different types of nappy

  • May 9, 2010 7:00 pm

When people first hear about cloth nappies, they often imagine that terry towelling squares are all that’s available – with all the folding and pinning that they entail. However, modern cloth nappies can be very like disposables: shaped to fit snugly round your baby and closing with a variety of fasteners, including velcro or poppers. The nappy is not the end of the story, though: it needs a waterproof layer in order to make it effective – and this is the wrap. It is possible to mix and match nappies and wraps – don’t feel that, just because you’ve chosen a particular type of nappy you have to have the wrap that ‘goes with’ it.

There are three basic types of cloth nappies: the flat nappy (terries, prefolds and muslins); the fitted (shaped) nappy; and the all-in-one. Flat and fitted nappies are part of a two-part system and require a wrap. All in ones have their wrap attached as part of the nappy.

Terries are the “old fashioned” cotton terry towelling squares which are available in different sizes, thicknesses and absorbencies. Prefolds are made of several layers of ordinary cotton sewn into three panels – with the central panel having most layers. And muslins are simply muslin squares which are commonly used as burp cloths, dribble bibs and general factotums of baby wear. Flat nappies require some (simple) folding. Terries are then fastened with pins or nappy nippas, and prefolds are simply fixed into a wrap, which holds them in place. Flat nappies are the most economical and most versatile of all the nappies – the cheapest to buy; the easiest to care for; and they can be used for a variety of mopping up and cleaning jobs in years to come!

Fitted nappies are shaped to fit round your baby without folding – just like a disposable, and so are easier to use than flat nappies. There are two types of fitted nappy. The first is a nappy which is sized to fit your baby at different stages of development, so that as your baby grows you will need to buy the next size up. The second type is a one-size fits all nappy, which will last your baby from birth to potty. Either type of fitted nappy can be fixed in place with either poppers, velcro, the wrap or a combination of these.

Wraps are the waterproof layer of the system. They are all shaped to fit over a nappy, and they all come in different sizes. It is important that the wrap fits well at the legs and waist, and so there is no such thing as a birth to potty wrap, unfortunately! However, because you don’t need a clean wrap every time you change a nappy, you will find that four or five wraps in each size will be sufficient – although you may want more of the first size if you are going to breastfeed, as breastfed poo is quite runny and gets onto the wrap very easily, no matter how hard you try! Always change the wrap if you get poo on it, or it is very wet. Different manufacturers’ wraps use different sizing systems, and have different amounts of adjustment.

All-in-ones are basically the same idea as disposable nappies, only washable. They consist of an absorbent terry or cotton inner, with an integral plastic, waterproof backing. Because the backing limits the speed of drying, they are the slowest drying nappy, and you may want to buy more to allow for this if these are your main nappy type. They also tend to be the most expensive to buy, and the plastic tends to wear out more rapidly than in wraps, presumably because they remain wet for longer. I would recommend using them occasionally for days out rather than as the main nappy system.

There are as many different factors to consider when buying nappies as there are babies to buy them for, but here are a few ideas which might be helpful:

Terries and prefolds are the least expensive and quickest to dry. All in ones are the most expensive to buy, and slowest to dry. Absorbency varies from nappy to nappy, but in all cases can be increased by using a booster, or another nappy. Generally speaking, I find terry towelling is more absorbent than plain cotton or cotton flannel, as the loops present a greater surface area to the water, and allows it to be soaked up more quickly.

If your baby is very wriggly, consider buying nappies and wraps which fasten with velcro – much easier to cope with on a determined escapee. If your baby can undo velcro, consider terries (pins or nappy nippas) or nappies and wraps which fasten with poppers (which can be harder to undo!). For a breastfed newborn with runny poo, a fitted nappy or a terry nappy will be the most efficient at catching the poo. For terries and prefolds, folding can be initially daunting, but soon becomes second nature.

Whatever you choose, you will need to buy enough nappies to meet your needs. Expect a newborn to need changing 10 to 12 times a day, dropping to 6-8 times when older, depending on their wetting pattern – which you will come to know! The number of nappies you will need will depend on your washing cycle – fewer if you intend to wash each day, more if you only want to wash every two to three days. Remember, you will also need four or five wraps per size and perhaps more for a breastfed newborn.

You may want to experiment with different types of nappy before making a final decision. In this case, you might want to take advantage of the hire scheme, to try the nappies in your own home before you commit to buying them. If you would prefer to experiment with your own nappies, please feel free to order only one or two of each type, or to put together a sample pack of nappies and wraps, selected from what is available. All nappies will be supplied with full washing and care instructions and, where applicable, folding instructions.

You also have disposables these are single use and can be easier to some extent as you don’t need to worry about washing them, although the cost is initially high with reusable nappies it is more expensive to use disposables. At the end of the day it’s what fits best with your lifestyle and your baby.

Is your child retarded?

  • May 8, 2010 3:55 pm

Recently I have had people asking me if my daughter is retarded. The answer is a definite NO. The comments are based on the fact that my daughter allegedly has a big head and sits with her tongue sticking out, usually blowing raspberries. Personally I find it rude and really offensive to use this term to define anyone and with regards to my daughter it makes me rather angry, she has had all the routine tests done and is a perfectly happy little girl.

People are either stupid or ignorant if they think that sticking your tongue out or having a big head automatically makes you retarded. I think it is one thing children making unkind comments but adults should know better and it’s quite sad if an adult deems it necessary to make these kind of comments about an 11 month old baby, possibly to make themselves feel better.

Special Need Parents to get more help?

  • May 3, 2010 5:40 pm

Parents of children with special needs should be given more support, an inquiry is set to recommend.
A government-commissioned study by Brian Lamb says that a significant number of parents are not satisfied with the help they receive. In response, the government will promise measures including a national support helpline and clearer information about rights to support.

Parents have complained that feel they have to “fight the system”. The report by Mr Lamb will reflect calls for more parent-friendly support for families with children with special needs. It will say that parents want to know what help is available and to have clearer guidelines about what should happen in schools.There will also be proposals that the Local Government Ombudsman should be funded to consider parents’ complaints against local authorities.

Special needs tribunals are also set to be improved and and there will be promises for more support for children who face bullying. The National Autistic Society’s chief executive, Mark Lever, said: “A great many parents of children and young people with autism have to fight huge battles to get the education support that should be theirs by right, often at considerable emotional and financial expense. “We hear terrible stories from parents of local authorities flouting the law by ignoring diagnoses, not meeting statutory timescales, failing to write statements properly, and even saying they ‘don’t do’ statements any more.

“It is hardly surprising then that parents have little confidence in the special educational needs system, and they could be forgiven for thinking that this report will do little to change what for them is an often complicated, intimidating, and sometimes infuriating system.” Children’s Secretary Ed Balls said: “In the New Year we will set our plans to address the recommendations that Brian has made to address the changes to teaching and learning that are necessary to improve educational outcomes for children with SEN. “We are now working to ensure all parents have confidence in decision making by giving them and their children a stronger voice at the heart of the SEN system.”

Childhood obesity class divide

  • May 3, 2010 5:37 pm

A Study suggest that a widening class gap is likely to be seen in the coming years in childhood obesity.
Previous research suggested rates in England may be levelling off, however the University College, London team found this was happening most in children aged two to 10 from wealthier backgrounds.

Research suggests that obesity rates among the lower classes were likely to be significantly higher by 2015 – for girls the levels may even be double. They analysed data gathered by the government-funded Health Survey for England. Currently 6.9% of boys and 7.4% of girls are obese – with the difference between the lower and higher classes 0.6% and 1.5% respectively for boys and girls.

The widening socio-economic gap may be partly due to difficulties to reach and communicate health messages to families from lower socio-economic groups. Using historical trends, they predicted that by 2015 obesity rates could be above 10% for boys and 8.9% for girls.

Depending on the extent of the “levelling off” reported last month, the overall rates could be even lower.
However, it is the findings for social class that have shed even more light on the obesity problem.
The obesity rates for girls are likely to diverge from now on, the team said. Among those from lower classes it is expected to keep rising to 11.2%, while for those from professional backgrounds it is likely to fall to 5.4%.

Among boys, both groups are likely to see a rise, but it will be faster in the lower class group, meaning 10.7% of this class boys will be obese compared with 7.9% of those from wealthier backgrounds. Similar trends will also be seen in older aged children.

Lead researcher Dr Emmanuel Stamatakis said: “This highlights the need for public health action to reverse recent trends and narrow social inequalities in health.” “The widening socio-economic gap may be partly due to difficulties to reach and communicate health messages to families from lower socio-economic groups.”
Tam Fry, of the National Obesity Forum, agreed awareness was more likely to be greater among wealthier families.

But he added: “It is also often quite expensive and time-consuming to buy healthy food and that puts wealthier parents at an advantage.” He said it was not clear why the differences were so marked in girls, although he said he suspected it was partly to do with the fact that boys tend to be more active generally.
The Department of Health said there was still more to do despite the levelling off which had been seen.
A spokesman said: “Obesity levels are still too high. We’ll only turn the tide on obesity for good if everyone – government, families and industry – play their part.”

Dressing your baby

  • May 3, 2010 5:29 pm

We all know that you need to put clothes on a baby, but do you know how many layers to put on?
As a general guide babies should have 1 more layer than you, however if your baby appears cold then add more layers. It is easier to put lots of thin layers on rather than bundling your child in thick layers that may restrict mobility.

When you go out it is advisable to put a hat on your baby as like us they lose a lot of heat from their head. You may also want to cover them using a blanket or foot muff, my youngest is 11 months and even now I still apply this theory. I use a foot muff as she wriggles a lot so it was better for her to use a foot muff, although when she was 1st born I used a sleeping bag with a blanket over it as she was very tiny.

If you are unsure if your baby is warm enough you can check by putting 2 fingers under their clothes if they feel warm to the touch they are fine if they are sweating remove a layer then check again after a few minutes. If they feel cold to the touch add another layer. Another way is your child will cry if they are too hot or too cold.